Similarly, within the 19th and 20th centuries the West has had large impacts on Eastern art with originally western ideas like Communism and Post-Modernism exerting a robust affect. The more modern and specific sense of the word art as an abbreviation for creative art or fine art emerged in the early 17th century. Fine art refers to a ability used to express the artist’s creativity, or to engage the viewers’s aesthetic sensibilities, or to draw the audience in the course of consideration of extra refined or finer artworks. This can be additionally carried out in an abrasive and deadpan method, as with Michel Tuffrey’s famous work Pisupo Lua Afe .
Banaag at Sikat, a 1906 novel, explores socialism, capitalism, and organized labor. The first Filipino e-book written in English, The Child of Sorrow, was printed in 1921. Early English literature is characterized by melodrama, figurative language, and an emphasis on local color. A later theme was the search for Filipino identification, reconciling Spanish and American influence Art & Media with the Philippines’ Asian heritage. Portions of Sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag have been published in 1966 and 1967, and were mixed in a 1986 novel. During the martial-law era, works similar to Dekada ’70 and Luha ng Buwaya criticizing human-rights violations by these in energy were published.